[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.termsnet.cz\/neobycejna-obycejna-tuzka\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.termsnet.cz\/neobycejna-obycejna-tuzka\/","headline":"Neoby\u010dejn\u00e1 oby\u010dejn\u00e1 tu\u017eka","name":"Neoby\u010dejn\u00e1 oby\u010dejn\u00e1 tu\u017eka","description":"U\u017e pra\u010dlov\u011bk cht\u011bl zapisovat ud\u00e1losti jeho doby, a tak zachycoval uhl\u00edkem na st\u011bny jeho jeskyn\u011b mamuty a r\u016fzn\u00e9 symboly. Ps\u00e1t se prost\u011b cht\u011blo u\u017e od prad\u00e1vna. N\u011bkdy p\u0159ed 5000 lety pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed ke psan\u00ed Egyp\u0165an\u00e9 kousek tenk\u00e9ho bambusu, do kter\u00e9ho nal\u00e9vaj\u00ed roztaven\u00e9 olovo. S\u00a0takovou r\u00e1doby tu\u017ekou je v\u0161ak velmi t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 psan\u00ed, pap\u00edr v\u011bt\u0161inou roztrh\u00e1 a olovo...<p class=\"more-link-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.termsnet.cz\/neobycejna-obycejna-tuzka\/\" class=\"more-link\">Read More<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &ldquo;Neoby\u010dejn\u00e1 oby\u010dejn\u00e1 tu\u017eka&rdquo;<\/span> &raquo;<\/a><\/p>","datePublished":"2023-04-27","dateModified":"2023-04-27","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.termsnet.cz\/author\/devene\/#Person","name":"termsnet.cz","url":"https:\/\/www.termsnet.cz\/author\/devene\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/f7b3e8bb7f7cc0c6ca940e74a10b952be4c7d81de8a980387c865f88889f02e3?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/f7b3e8bb7f7cc0c6ca940e74a10b952be4c7d81de8a980387c865f88889f02e3?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"termsnet.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"url":"https:\/\/www.termsnet.cz\/neobycejna-obycejna-tuzka\/","about":["Produkty"],"wordCount":442,"articleBody":"U\u017e pra\u010dlov\u011bk cht\u011bl zapisovat ud\u00e1losti jeho doby, a tak zachycoval uhl\u00edkem na st\u011bny jeho jeskyn\u011b mamuty a r\u016fzn\u00e9 symboly. Ps\u00e1t se prost\u011b cht\u011blo u\u017e od prad\u00e1vna. N\u011bkdy p\u0159ed 5000 lety pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed ke psan\u00ed Egyp\u0165an\u00e9 kousek tenk\u00e9ho bambusu, do kter\u00e9ho nal\u00e9vaj\u00ed roztaven\u00e9 olovo. S\u00a0takovou r\u00e1doby tu\u017ekou je v\u0161ak velmi t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 psan\u00ed, pap\u00edr v\u011bt\u0161inou roztrh\u00e1 a olovo otr\u00e1v\u00ed nejednoho p\u00edsa\u0159e. Prav\u00e1 tu\u017eka si musela neobjeven\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bjakou chv\u00edli po\u010dkat.V\u00a016. stolet\u00ed nastal velk\u00fd zlom ve chv\u00edli, kdy v\u00a0Anglii v\u00a0oblasti Lake District u vesnice Borrowdale objevili pas\u00e1\u010dci ovc\u00ed bohat\u00e9 lo\u017eisko grafitu. Pas\u00e1\u010dci si nejprve mysleli, \u017ee \u010dern\u00e9 kameny jsou uhl\u00ed, kter\u00e9 ale neho\u0159elo. Kameny byly mastn\u00e9 a zanech\u00e1valy \u010dernou stopu, kter\u00e1 \u0161la um\u00fdt. Pas\u00e1\u010dci si s\u00a0n\u00ed tedy nejprve ozna\u010dovali ovce, aby l\u00e9pe rozpoznali sv\u00e9 st\u00e1do. Pak n\u011bkoho napadlo, \u017ee by mohl kousek z\u00a0tohoto kamene obalit v\u00a0k\u016f\u017ei a zpevnit d\u0159\u00edvkem, a zkusit s\u00a0t\u00edm ps\u00e1t.A tak byla prvn\u00ed tu\u017eka na sv\u011bt\u011b.Od roku 1558 za\u010dali v\u00a0Anglii tu\u017eku vyr\u00e1b\u011bt. V\u00a0roce 1560 ji je\u0161t\u011b vylep\u0161ili tak, \u017ee d\u0159\u00edvko truhl\u00e1\u0159sky opracov\u00e1vali. A tak zb\u00fdval u\u017e jen malink\u00fd kr\u016f\u010dek k\u00a0tomu, aby mezi dva d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 kousky s\u00a0vyrytou st\u0159edovou r\u00fdhou vlo\u017eili tuhu. Tato metoda v\u0161ak z\u00edskala patent a\u017e v\u00a0roce 1802.Tu\u017eka se rychle roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila po cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b, av\u0161ak Britov\u00e9 si brzy uv\u011bdom\u00ed, \u017ee grafit m\u00e1 hodnotu snad vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e diamanty. Je o n\u011bj tak velk\u00fd z\u00e1jem, a jeho cena velmi stoupla p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm tak\u00e9 proto, \u017ee ho za\u010dala vyu\u017e\u00edvat i arm\u00e1da pro odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011blov\u00fdch koul\u00ed. Britov\u00e9 proto lom v\u00a0Borrowdale velmi st\u0159e\u017eili, aby se grafit nemohl rozkr\u00e1dat. Byl to toti\u017e jedin\u00fd lom na sv\u011bt\u011b, kde se grafit t\u011b\u017eil. A i kdy\u017e se pozd\u011bji nalezla i jin\u00e1 lo\u017eiska v\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch zem\u00edch, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 z\u00a0nich nem\u011blo grafit tak \u010dist\u00fd jako v\u00a0Borrowdale.V\u00a0roce 1790 rakousk\u00fd vyn\u00e1lezce Josef Hardmuth zkusil sm\u00edchat grafitov\u00fd pr\u00e1\u0161ek s\u00a0j\u00edlem a vodou, a tuto sm\u011bs n\u00e1sledn\u011b vyp\u00e1lil v\u00a0troub\u011b. Objevil tak zp\u016fsob, jak tu\u017eky vyr\u00e1b\u011bt, a nav\u00edc vynalezl, jak regulovat jejich tvrdost. Od t\u00e9 doby se neoby\u010dejn\u00e9 oby\u010dejn\u00e9 tu\u017eky vyr\u00e1b\u011bly ve velk\u00e9m.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Neoby\u010dejn\u00e1 oby\u010dejn\u00e1 tu\u017eka","item":"https:\/\/www.termsnet.cz\/neobycejna-obycejna-tuzka\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]